目录一、简介二、安装1、下载2、运行3、访问三、注册中心1、服务提供者1创建工程2添加依赖3添加配置文件4修改启动类5业务类6启动2、服务消费者1创建工程2添加依赖3添加配置文件4修改启动类5RestTemplate类6业务类7测试四、配置中心1、基础配置1创建工程2添加依赖3添加配置文件4业务类5在nacods中添加配置信息6测试2、分类配置1DataID方案2Group方案3Namespace方案五、集群与持久化1、将数据存储到mysql2、nacos集群搭建1准备3台服务器2复制出cluster.conf3修改nginx配置文件4修改项目的配置一、简介NacosDynamic Naming and Configuration Service是阿里巴巴开源的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台致力于帮助开发者快速构建云原生应用Nacos。它源自阿里内部十年技术沉淀历经双十一高并发场景验证支持百万级服务实例兼容主流微服务框架Spring Cloud、Dubbo 等是国内微服务生态的核心组件之一。其中包含了注册中心和配置中心等核心模块相当于 EurekaConfig BusGitHub地址https://github.com/alibaba/Nacos官网地址https://nacos.io/二、安装1、下载下载地址https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases2、运行解压安装包直接运行bin目录下的startup.cmd单节点运行startup.cmd -m standalone3、访问http://localhost:8848/nacos用户名和密码默认都是nacos三、注册中心服务启动时通过 SDK 向 Nacos Server 注册服务名称、IP、端口等信息Nacos Server 将服务实例存储到集群数据节点同时维护健康检查状态检查失败的实例会被标记为不健康自动从服务列表中剔除。客户端通过 SDK 查询服务实例列表Nacos Server 返回健康实例并建立长连接监听实例变化实例变化时Nacos Server 主动推送更新给客户端。官网属性说明https://spring-cloud-alibaba-group.github.io/github-pages/greenwich/spring-cloud-alibaba.html#_spring_cloud_alibaba_nacos_config1、服务提供者1创建工程2添加依赖?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8? project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd modelVersion4.0.0/modelVersion parent groupIdcom.hk.cloudstudy/groupId artifactIdSecondSpringCloud/artifactId version1.0-SNAPSHOT/version /parent groupIdcom.hk/groupId artifactIdcloud-provider-payment9001/artifactId properties maven.compiler.source8/maven.compiler.source maven.compiler.target8/maven.compiler.target project.build.sourceEncodingUTF-8/project.build.sourceEncoding /properties dependencies !--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -- dependency groupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupId artifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery/artifactId /dependency !-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-actuator/artifactId /dependency !--日常通用jar包配置-- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-devtools/artifactId scoperuntime/scope optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactId scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies /project3添加配置文件server: port: 9001 spring: application: name: nacos-payment-provider cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: localhost:8848 #配置Nacos地址 management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: *4修改启动类package com.hk; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; EnableDiscoveryClient SpringBootApplication public class PaymentMain9001 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain9001.class, args); } }5业务类package com.hk.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; RestController public class PaymentController { Value(${server.port}) private String serverPort; GetMapping(value /payment/nacos/{id}) public String getPayment(PathVariable(id) Integer id) { return nacos registry, serverPort: serverPort\t idid; } }6启动查看nacos的服务注册2、服务消费者1创建工程2添加依赖?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8? project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd modelVersion4.0.0/modelVersion parent groupIdcom.hk.cloudstudy/groupId artifactIdSecondSpringCloud/artifactId version1.0-SNAPSHOT/version /parent groupIdcom.hk/groupId artifactIdcloud-consumer-nacos-order83/artifactId properties maven.compiler.source8/maven.compiler.source maven.compiler.target8/maven.compiler.target project.build.sourceEncodingUTF-8/project.build.sourceEncoding /properties dependencies !--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -- dependency groupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupId artifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery/artifactId /dependency !-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-actuator/artifactId /dependency !--日常通用jar包配置-- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-devtools/artifactId scoperuntime/scope optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactId scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies /project3添加配置文件server: port: 83 spring: application: name: nacos-order-consumer cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: localhost:8848 #消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者) service-url: nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider4修改启动类package com.hk; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; EnableDiscoveryClient SpringBootApplication public class OrderNacosMain83 { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain83.class, args); } }5RestTemplate类package com.hk.conf; import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; Configuration public class ApplicationContextBean { Bean LoadBalanced public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }6业务类package com.hk.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; import javax.annotation.Resource; RestController public class OrderNacosController { Resource private RestTemplate restTemplate; Value(${service-url.nacos-user-service}) private String serverURL; GetMapping(/consumer/payment/nacos/{id}) public String paymentInfo(PathVariable(id) Long id) { return restTemplate.getForObject(serverURL/payment/nacos/id,String.class); } }7测试启动消费者访问接口测试四、配置中心配置以dataIdgroupnamespace三维结构存储支持多环境隔离Nacos底层采用 MySQL 或嵌入式数据库Derby存储支持配置历史版本与回滚Nacos客户端通过长轮询Long Polling向 Nacos Server 发起配置查询配置更新时Server 立即响应客户端请求返回最新配置客户端接收配置后自动更新本地配置并触发回调函数。Spring Cloud 环境下配合RefreshScope注解实现配置热更新Spring Cloud Alibaba支持配置变更的监听机制自定义处理逻辑Nacos1、基础配置1创建工程2添加依赖?xml version1.0 encodingUTF-8? project xmlnshttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 xmlns:xsihttp://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance xsi:schemaLocationhttp://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd modelVersion4.0.0/modelVersion parent groupIdcom.hk.cloudstudy/groupId artifactIdSecondSpringCloud/artifactId version1.0-SNAPSHOT/version /parent groupIdcom.hk/groupId artifactIdcloud-config-nacos-client3377/artifactId properties maven.compiler.source8/maven.compiler.source maven.compiler.target8/maven.compiler.target project.build.sourceEncodingUTF-8/project.build.sourceEncoding /properties dependencies !--nacos-config-- dependency groupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupId artifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config/artifactId /dependency !--nacos-discovery-- dependency groupIdcom.alibaba.cloud/groupId artifactIdspring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery/artifactId /dependency !--web actuator-- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-web/artifactId /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-actuator/artifactId /dependency !--一般基础配置-- dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-devtools/artifactId scoperuntime/scope optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.projectlombok/groupId artifactIdlombok/artifactId optionaltrue/optional /dependency dependency groupIdorg.springframework.boot/groupId artifactIdspring-boot-starter-test/artifactId scopetest/scope /dependency /dependencies /project3添加配置文件Nacos同springcloud-config一样在项目初始化时要保证先从配置中心进行配置拉取拉取配置之后才能保证项目的正常启动。springboot中配置文件的加载是存在优先级顺序的bootstrap优先级高于applicationbootstrap.yml# nacos配置 server: port: 3377 spring: application: name: nacos-config-client cloud: nacos: discovery: server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址 config: server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos作为配置中心地址 file-extension: yaml #指定yaml格式的配置application.ymlspring: profiles: active: dev # 表示开发环境4业务类package com.hk.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; RestController RefreshScope //在控制器类加入RefreshScope注解使当前类下的配置支持Nacos的动态刷新功能。 public class ConfigClientController { Value(${config.info}) private String configInfo; GetMapping(/config/info) public String getConfigInfo() { return configInfo; } }5在nacods中添加配置信息# ${spring.application.name}-${spring.profile.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}Nacos会记录配置文件的历史版本默认保留30天此外还有一键回滚功能回滚操作将会触发配置更新。6测试运行项目访问接口修改nacos上的配置文件 再次访问接口2、分类配置默认情况NamespacepublicGroupDEFAULT_GROUP, 默认Cluster是DEFAULTNacos默认的命名空间是publicNamespace主要用来实现隔离。比方说现在有三个环境开发、测试、生产环境就可以创建三个Namespace不同的Namespace之间是隔离的。Group默认是DEFAULT_GROUPGroup可以把不同的微服务划分到同一个分组里面去Service就是微服务一个Service可以包含多个Cluster集群Nacos默认Cluster是DEFAULTCluster是对指定微服务的一个虚拟划分。1DataID方案指定spring.profile.active和配置文件的DataID来使不同环境下读取不同的配置1新建dev配置DataID2新建test配置DataID3测试通过spring.profile.active属性就能进行多环境下配置文件的读取启动项目访问接口查看2Group方案1新建DEV-GROUP2新建TEST-GROUP3修改项目配置文件bootstrapapplication4测试3Namespace方案1新建dev/test的Namespace2在test和dev空间里面分别创建配置文件3修改项目配置文件bootstrapapplication4测试五、集群与持久化默认Nacos使用嵌入式数据库实现数据的存储。所以如果启动多个默认配置下的Nacos节点数据存储是存在一致性问题的。为了解决这个问题Nacos采用了集中式存储的方式来支持集群化部署目前只支持MySQL的存储Nacos默认自带的是嵌入式数据库derby1、将数据存储到mysql1执行sql语句conf目录下找到sql脚本执行脚本2修改配置文件conf目录下找到application.properties进行修改spring.datasource.platformmysql### Count of DB:# db.num0### Connect URL of DB:db.url.0jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/nacos?characterEncodingutf8connectTimeout1000socketTimeout3000autoReconnecttrueuseUnicodetrueuseSSLfalseserverTimezoneUTCdb.user.0nacosdb.password.0nacos启动Nacos可以看到是个全新的空记录界面以前是记录进derby2、nacos集群搭建1准备3台服务器2212222232复制出cluster.conf在config目录下cp cluster.conf.example cluster.conf添加如下内容192.168.10.221:2222192.168.10.222:2222192.168.10.223:22223修改nginx配置文件upstream cluster{server 192.168.10.221:2222;server 192.168.10.222:2222;server 192.168.10.223:2222;}...server {listen 1111;server_name localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / {#root html;#index index.html index.htm;proxy_pass http://cluster;}4修改项目的配置